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Spielberg had previously rejected this as too ethereal, but then devised a father-son story and decided that "The Grail that everybody seeks could be a metaphor for a son seeking reconciliation with a father and a father seeking reconciliation with a son." įollowing the 1989 release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Lucas let the series end as he felt he could not think of a good plot device to drive the next installment, and chose instead to produce The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which explored the character in his early years. For the third film, Spielberg revisited the Monkey King and haunted castle concepts, before Lucas suggested the Holy Grail. The major scenes that were dropped from Raiders of the Lost Ark were included in this film: an escape using a giant rolling gong as a shield, a fall out of a plane in a raft, and a mine cart chase. He hired Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz to write the script as he knew of their interest in Indian culture. He had ideas regarding the Monkey King and a haunted castle, but eventually created the Sankara Stones, that would be used in the film. Lucas made the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again. Spielberg and Lucas aimed to make Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom much darker, because of their personal moods following their respective breakups and divorces. Spielberg and Lucas made a deal with Paramount Pictures for five Indiana Jones films. Spielberg loved it, calling it "a James Bond film without the hardware", and had the character's surname changed to Jones. Spielberg told Lucas he was interested in making a James Bond film, but Lucas told him of an idea "better than James Bond", outlining the plot of Raiders of the Lost Ark. His friend and colleague Steven Spielberg was also there, on vacation from work on Close Encounters of the Third Kind. In May 1977, Lucas was in Maui, trying to escape the worldwide success of Star Wars. The project was stalled when Clint Eastwood hired Kaufman to write The Outlaw Josey Wales. Lucas discussed the concept with Philip Kaufman, who worked with him for several weeks and decided upon the Ark of the Covenant as the MacGuffin.
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Like Star Wars, it was an opportunity to create a modern version of the movie serials of the 1930s and 1940s. 6.5.1 Games adapted or derived from the filmsĭuring 1973, George Lucas wrote The Adventures of Indiana Smith.5.3.4 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).5.3.3 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989).5.3.2 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984).4.2 Additional crew and production details.2.5 Untitled fifth Indiana Jones film (2023).2.4 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).2.3 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989).2.2 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984).Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show. Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his father.

The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg, who worked closely with Lucas during their production. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. A fifth film is in production and is scheduled to be released in 2023. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. In 1984, a prequel, The Temple of Doom, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, The Last Crusade. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. Indiana Jones is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure (1993)
